Methods of patterning a target layer

ABSTRACT

A method of forming patterns includes the steps of providing a substrate on which a target layer and a hard mask layer are formed; forming a plurality of first resist patterns on the hard mask layer; performing a tilt-angle ion implant process to form a first doped area and a second doped area in the hard mask layer between adjacent first resist patterns; removing the first resist patterns; coating a directed self-assembly (DSA) material layer onto the hard mask layer; performing a self-assembling process of the DSA material layer to form repeatedly arranged block copolymer patterns in the DSA material layer; removing undesired portions from the DSA material layer to form second patterns on the hard mask layer; transferring the second patterns to the hard mask layer to form third patterns; and etching the target layer through the third patterns.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/876,386, filed Jan. 22, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,157,743 issued Dec. 18, 2018 which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/006,134, filed Jan. 26, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,911,608, issued Mar. 6, 2018, the disclosure of each of which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to a method of forming patterns, and more particularly to directed self-assembly (DSA) pattern formation in the semiconductor fabricating process.

BACKGROUND

With the prosperous growth of electrical products consumption, the current trend of consumers' demand, including increased portability, computing power, memory capacity and energy efficiency, is for the dimension of such products to almost always be toward small size and delicate design.

The continual reduction in feature sizes results in greater demands on the techniques used to form the features. For example, photolithography is commonly used to pattern these features. Because lithography is typically accomplished by projecting light or radiation onto a surface, the ultimate resolution of a particular lithographic technique depends upon factors such as optics and light or radiation wavelength. However, the present optical lithography technique is inapplicable due to the inherent limitation of the optical characteristics.

A relatively new non-lithography patterning technique, called directed self-assembly (DSA), forms mask patterns through the self-assembly ability of block copolymers. Block copolymers are formed of two or more chemically distinct blocks. Generally, self-assembly is based upon the affinity or preference of one of the blocks for the underlying surface and/or air interface. Therefore, local variations in the surface polarity of the layer to which the DSA material is applied dictate how the block copolymers will align. DSA may be particularly useful for line/space frequency multiplication techniques.

While self-organizing materials may be used to form relatively small mask features, further decreases in the sizes of the mask features are desired due to the constant miniaturization of integrated circuits. Accordingly, there is a continuing need for high resolution methods to pattern small features.

BRIEF SUMMARY

The present disclosure is directed to provide an improved method of forming patterns that is capable of overcoming the limitation of the present optical lithography technique and increasing the pattern resolution of the semiconductor manufacturing process.

In one aspect of the disclosure, a method of forming patterns comprises the steps of providing a substrate on which a target layer and a hard mask layer are formed; forming a plurality of first resist patterns on the hard mask layer; performing a tilt-angle ion implant process to form a first doped area and a second doped area in the hard mask layer between adjacent first resist patterns; removing the first resist patterns; coating a directed self-assembly (DSA) material layer onto the hard mask layer; performing a self-assembling process of the DSA material layer to form repeatedly arranged block copolymer patterns in the DSA material layer; removing undesired portions from the DSA material layer to form second patterns on the hard mask layer; transferring the second patterns to the hard mask layer to form third patterns; and etching the target layer through the third patterns.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the first doped area is spaced apart from the second doped area. The first doped area and the second doped area have the same width.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the tilt-angle ion implant process changes polarity on the hard mask layer. The polarities of the first doped area and the second doped area are different from the polarity of undoped areas.

According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the DSA material layer comprises block copolymers. The self-assembling process is performed at a temperature lower than a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the block copolymers.

These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 through FIG. 9 are diagrams illustrating an exemplary method for forming patterns according to one embodiment of the invention, wherein

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor structure according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor structure in FIG. 1 after forming a plurality of first resist patterns according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a doped semiconductor structure after performing tilt-angle ion implant processes according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor structure after removing the first resist patterns according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor structure after coating a directed self-assembly (DSA) material layer according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor structure after performing self-assembling process of the DSA material layer according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor structure after removing undesired portions from the DSA material layer to form second patterns according to embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor structures of FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, respectively, after transferring the second patterns to the hard mask layer to form third patterns according to one embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor structures of FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B, respectively, after etching the target layer through the third patterns according to one embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof and in which is shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments may be utilized and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

One or more implementations of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout, and wherein the illustrated structures are not necessarily drawn to scale.

The term “substrate,” used herein, includes any structure having an exposed surface onto which a layer is deposited according to the present invention, for example, to form the integrated circuit (IC) structure. The term substrate is understood to include semiconductor wafers. The term substrate is also used to refer to semiconductor structures during processing, and may include other layers that have been fabricated thereupon. The term substrate includes doped and undoped semiconductors, epitaxial semiconductor layers supported by a base semiconductor or insulator, as well as other semiconductor structures well known to one skilled in the art.

The term “horizontal” as used herein is defined as a plane parallel to the conventional major plane or surface of the substrate, regardless of its orientation. The term “vertical” refers to a direction perpendicular to the horizontal as just defined. Terms, such as “on,” “above,” and “under,” are defined with respect to the horizontal plane.

FIG. 1 through FIG. 9 are diagrams illustrating an exemplary method for forming patterns according to one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor structure according to one embodiment of the invention. First, as shown in FIG. 1, a substrate 1 is provided. A target layer 2, a hard mask layer 3, and a photoresist layer 4 are sequentially formed on a horizontal major surface of the substrate 1. For example, the substrate 1 may comprise a silicon substrate, but is not limited thereto. The target layer 2 may comprise silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon, or polysilicon, but is not limited thereto. The hard mask layer 3 may comprise titanium nitride, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon carbon nitride, or polysilicon, but is not limited thereto.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor structure in FIG. 1 after forming a plurality of first resist patterns according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 2, a lithography process including, but not limited to, exposure and development, is performed to remove parts of the photoresist layer 4, thereby forming a plurality of first resist patterns 41 on the hard mask layer 3. According to the embodiment of the invention, when viewed from the above, the first resist patterns 41 are generally parallel and generally straight stripe (or line-shaped) patterns. The first resist patterns 41 have a pitch P₁ including a width L₁ of each of the first resist patterns 41 and a space S₁ between adjacent first resist patterns 41.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a doped semiconductor structure after performing tilt-angle ion implant processes according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 3, tilt-angle ion implant processes 51 are performed to form a first doped area 31 and a second doped area 32 in the hard mask layer 3 between and adjacent to two of the first resist patterns 41. The first doped area 31 is spaced apart from the second doped area 32. By forming the first doped area 31 and the second doped area 32 in the hard mask layer 3, polarity on the hard mask layer 3 is altered corresponding to the pattern of the first doped area 31 and the second doped area 32.

The ion implant processes 51 may comprise multiple ion implant steps which are performed in different directions, for example, two opposite directions, and different implant angles. Moreover, the ion implant processes 51 are not vertical to the horizontal major surface of the substrate 1. Because the ion implant processes 51 are performed at tilt-angles, some ions are hampered by the first resist patterns 41 and are not implanted into the shaded area of the hard mask layer 3 between adjacent first resist patterns 41. It is understood that the height of the first resist patterns 41 and the aforementioned tilt-angles may be adjusted to form the first doped area 31 and the second doped area 32 with desired widths.

The ions used in the tilt-angle ion implant processes 51 may be selected from a group consisting of a phosphate ion, an arsenic ion, an inert gas ion, and a combination thereof. According to the embodiment of the invention, the ions doped into the first doped area 31 and the ions doped into the second doped area 32 may be the same. However, it is understood that in some embodiments the ions doped into the first doped area 31 may be different from the ions doped into the second doped area 32.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the polarities of the first doped area 31 and the second doped area 32 are different from the polarity of undoped areas 33. An undoped area 33 having a width S₂ is formed between the first doped area 31 and the second doped area 32. According to the embodiment of the invention, the first doped area 31 and the second doped area 32 have the same width (L₂=L₃). However, it is understood that in some embodiments the first doped area 31 and the second doped area 32 may have different widths (L₂≠L₃) depending upon design requirements.

According to the embodiment of the invention, a width, e.g., S₁, between adjacent first resist patterns 41 may be three times larger than the width L₁ of the first resist patterns 41 (S₁: L₁=3:1). By well controlling the height of the first resist patterns 41 and the tilt-angles during the tilt-angle ion implant processes 51, the width L₂ of the first doped area 31 and the width L₃ of the second doped area 32 may be equal to the width S₂ of the undoped area 33 and the width L₁ of the first resist patterns 41 (L₂=L₃=S₂=L₁).

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor structure after removing the first resist patterns 41 according to one embodiment of the invention. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 4, the first resist patterns 41 are completely removed to expose the regions of the hard mask layer 3, which are previously covered by the first resist patterns 41. According to the embodiment of the invention, the first resist patterns 41 may be removed by using conventional etching methods, but is not limited thereto.

As shown in FIG. 5, subsequently, a directed self-assembly (DSA) material layer 6 is coated onto the hard mask layer 3. The DSA material layer 6 may be coated by spin-on coating, spin casting, brush coating or vapor deposition. According to the embodiment of the invention, the DSA material layer 6 may comprise two or more immiscible compounds or a self-assembling compound comprising at least two components having distinct characteristics, such as functionality, polarity, water affinity, etch resistance, etc., which allows segregation and alignment of the two compounds or components in a reasonable manner, as well as selective removal of one compound or component.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the DSA material layer 6 may comprise block copolymers of at least two different polymers. Block copolymers are particularly well-suited for DSA techniques because they can be synthesized to include at least two distinct blocks allowing for each component to align under appropriate conditions, and be selectively removed after alignment. According to the embodiment of the invention, for example, the block copolymers may comprise polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), but is not limited thereto. It will be appreciated that the size of each block copolymer and the ratio of the constituent block copolymers may be chosen to facilitate a self-assembling process and to form organized block domains having desired dimensions. A block copolymer having longer copolymers may be used to form larger domains and a block copolymer having shorter copolymers may be used to form smaller domains.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 6, a self-assembling process of the DSA material layer 6 is performed to form first and second block copolymer patterns 61 and 62 repeated and alternately arranged corresponding to the first doped area 31, the second doped area 32 and the undoped area 33 on the hard mask layer 3. The first doped area 31 and the second doped area 32 in the hard mask layer 3 can provide the interface for DSA material layer 6 to do a self-assembling process. The self-assembling process may comprise an annealing process, but is not limited thereto. The first block copolymer patterns 61 of the DSA material layer 6 are formed directly above the undoped areas 33 of the hard mask layer 3. The second block copolymer patterns 62 of the DSA material layer 6 are formed directly above the first doped areas 31 and the second doped areas 32. The first block copolymer patterns 61 and the second block copolymer patterns 62 are repeatedly arranged.

It will be appreciated that the widths of the first and second block copolymer patterns 61 and 62 are basically determined by the sizes (or lengths) of the two different polymers of the block copolymers. The self-assembling process may be facilitated and accelerated by heating to sufficient temperatures. The temperature may be chosen to be sufficiently low to prevent adversely affecting the block copolymers or the semiconductor devices fabricated in the substrate 1. According to the embodiment of the invention, the self-assembling process is performed at a temperature lower than a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the block copolymers. The repeated and alternately arranged block copolymer patterns 61 and 62 may serve as a mask for patterning the underlying layers.

FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor structure after removing undesired portions from the DSA material layer 6 to form second patterns according to embodiments of the invention. As shown in FIG. 7A, the undesired portions, for example, the first block copolymer patterns 61 directly positioned on the undoped areas 33, are removed from the DSA material layer 6, while leaving the second block copolymer patterns 62 intact. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7B, the undesired portions, for example, the second block copolymer patterns 62 directly positioned on the first doped areas 31 and the second doped areas 32, are removed from DSA material layer 6, while leaving the first block copolymer patterns 61 intact.

Because the first block copolymer patterns 61 and the second block copolymer patterns 62 have distinct characteristics, either the first block copolymer patterns 61 or the second block copolymer patterns 62 can be selectively removed to form the second patterns 63. For example, the first block copolymer patterns 61 may have a first etch rate in a wet or dry etchant, while the second block copolymer patterns 62 may have a second etch rate in the same wet or dry etchant, wherein the first and second etch rates are different from each other. In particular, the first etch rate may be higher than the second etch rate depending upon the etchant used. Thus, a suitable etchant can be chosen to selectively remove one of the first or second block copolymer patterns 61 and 62 thereby leaving the other of the first or second block copolymer patterns 61 and 62 substantially intact on the hard mask layer 3 to form the second patterns 63. The second patterns 63 have a pitch P2 including widths L2 and L3 of the first and second doped area 31 and 32 and width S2 of the undoped area 33 of the hard mask layer 3. It is noteworthy that the pitch P2 is smaller than the pitch P1 of the first resist patterns 41.

FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor structures of FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, respectively, after transferring the second patterns 63 to the hard mask layer 3 to form third patterns according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B, the second patterns 63 are used as an etch mask and an etching process such as a dry etching process is performed to transfer the second patterns 63 to the hard mask layer 3 thereby forming third patterns 73.

FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor structures of FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B, respectively, after etching the target layer through the third patterns according to one embodiment of the invention. Finally, as shown in FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B, using the third patterns 73 as an etch mask, another etching process such as a dry etching process is performed to transfer the third patterns 73 to the target layer 2.

Through performing the preceding processes, patterns formed in the target layer 2 as depicted in FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B have a finer pitch than that of originally formed first photoresist patterns 41 on the hard mask layer 3.

To sum up, the present disclosure provides an improved method of directed self-assembly (DSA) pattern formation in the semiconductor fabricating process that is capable of overcoming the limitation of the present optical lithography technique and increasing the pattern resolution of the semiconductor manufacturing process.

A method of forming patterns comprises the steps of providing a substrate 1 on which a target layer 2 and a hard mask layer 3 are formed; forming a plurality of first resist patterns 41 on the hard mask layer 3; performing a tilt-angle ion implant process 51 to form a first doped area 31 and a second doped area 32 in the hard mask layer 3 between adjacent first resist patterns 41; removing the first resist patterns 41; coating a directed self-assembly (DSA) material layer 6 onto the hard mask layer 3; performing a self-assembling process of the DSA material layer 6 to form repeatedly arranged block copolymer patterns 61 and 62 in the DSA material layer 6; removing undesired portions from the DSA material layer 6 to form second patterns 63 on the hard mask layer 3; transferring the second patterns 63 to the hard mask layer 3 to form third patterns 73; and etching the target layer 2 through the third patterns 73.

The first doped area 31 is spaced apart from the second doped area 32. The first doped area 31 and the second doped area 32 have the same width (L2=L3).

The tilt-angle ion implant process 51 changes polarity on the hard mask layer 3. The polarities of the first doped area 31 and the second doped area 32 are different from the polarity of undoped areas 33.

The DSA material layer 6 comprises block copolymers. The self-assembling process is performed at a temperature lower than a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the block copolymers.

Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of patterning a target material, comprising: performing a tilt-angle ion implant process to form first doped areas and second doped areas in a hard mask material and between adjacent resist portions of a resist pattern on the hard mask material, the first doped areas and the second doped areas comprising one or more dopants; removing the resist pattern; forming a directed self-assembly (DSA) material comprising a first block copolymer and a second block copolymer on the hard mask material; self-assembling the DSA material to form a first block copolymer pattern and a second block copolymer pattern in the DSA material; removing the first block copolymer pattern or the second block copolymer pattern to form a DSA material pattern; transferring the DSA material pattern to the hard mask material to form a hard mask pattern; and removing a portion of a target material exposed through the hard mask pattern.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein forming first doped areas and second doped areas in a hard mask material comprises forming the first doped areas and the second doped areas comprising the same width.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein forming first doped areas and second doped areas in a hard mask material comprises forming the first doped areas and the second doped areas comprising different ions.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein forming first doped areas and second doped areas in a hard mask material comprises forming the first doped areas and the second doped areas comprising the same ions.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein forming first doped areas and second doped areas in a hard mask material comprises forming the first doped areas and the second doped areas in titanium nitride, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon carbon nitride, or polysilicon.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein self-assembling the DSA material to form a first block copolymer pattern and a second block copolymer pattern in the DSA material comprises forming the first block copolymer pattern comprising the same width as the first doped areas and the second doped areas.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein self-assembling the DSA material to form a first block copolymer pattern and a second block copolymer pattern in the DSA material comprises forming the second block copolymer pattern comprising the same width as the first doped areas and the second doped areas.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein removing a portion of a target material exposed through the hard mask pattern comprises forming a target material pattern comprising a smaller pitch than a pitch of the resist pattern.
 9. A method of patterning a target material, comprising: implanting ions into a hard mask material to form first doped areas in the hard mask material; implanting ions into the hard mask material to form second doped areas in the hard mask material, the second doped areas formed from an opposite direction and at a different implant angle than the first doped areas; self-assembling a directed self-assembly (DSA) material comprising a first block copolymer and a second block copolymer on the hard mask material to form a first block copolymer pattern and a second block copolymer pattern on the hard mask material; removing the first block copolymer pattern or the second block copolymer pattern to form a DSA material pattern; transferring the DSA material pattern to the hard mask material to form a hard mask pattern; and removing a portion of a target material exposed through the hard mask pattern.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein implanting ions into a hard mask material to form first doped areas and implanting ions into the hard mask material to form second doped areas comprises changing a polarity of the first doped areas and the second doped areas relative to a polarity of the hard mask material.
 11. The method of claim 9, wherein self-assembling a DSA material comprising a first block copolymer and a second block copolymer comprises self-assembling the DSA material comprising the first block copolymer and the second block copolymer comprising at least one of a different functionality, polarity, water affinity, or etch resistance.
 12. The method of claim 9, wherein removing the first block copolymer pattern or the second block copolymer pattern to form a DSA material pattern comprises removing the first block copolymer pattern and the second block copolymer pattern at different rates.
 13. The method of claim 9, wherein removing a portion of a target material exposed through the hard mask pattern comprises removing the portion of a silicon oxide material, a silicon nitride material, a silicon material, or a polysilicon material.
 14. A method of patterning a target material, comprising: forming a resist pattern comprising a first width and a first pitch; exposing a hard mask material under the resist pattern to a tilt-angle ion implant process through the resist pattern to form first doped areas and second doped areas in the hard mask material; removing the resist pattern; forming a directed self-assembly (DSA) material comprising a first block copolymer and a second block copolymer on the hard mask material; self-assembling the DSA material to form a first block copolymer pattern and a second block copolymer pattern on the hard mask material; removing the first block copolymer pattern or the second block copolymer pattern to form a DSA material pattern on the hard mask material, the DSA material pattern comprising a second pitch smaller than the first pitch; removing the hard mask material exposed through the DSA material pattern to form a hard mask pattern; and removing a target material exposed through the hard mask pattern to form a target material pattern, the target material pattern comprising the second pitch.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein forming first doped areas and second doped areas in the hard mask material comprises forming the first doped areas and the second doped areas at the same width.
 16. The method of claim 14, wherein forming first doped areas and second doped areas in the hard mask material comprises forming the first doped areas and the second doped areas at different widths.
 17. The method of claim 14, wherein forming first doped areas and second doped areas in the hard mask material comprises forming the first doped areas and the second doped areas at the first width.
 18. The method of claim 14, wherein self-assembling the DSA material to form a first block copolymer pattern and a second block copolymer pattern comprises forming the first block copolymer pattern comprising the first width.
 19. The method of claim 14, wherein self-assembling the DSA material to form a first block copolymer pattern and a second block copolymer pattern comprises forming the second block copolymer pattern comprising the first width.
 20. The method of claim 14, wherein forming a DSA material pattern on the hard mask material comprises forming the DSA material pattern comprising the first block copolymer pattern.
 21. The method of claim 14, wherein forming a DSA material pattern on the hard mask material comprises forming the DSA material pattern comprising the second block copolymer pattern.
 22. The method of claim 14, wherein removing the hard mask material exposed through the DSA material pattern to form a hard mask pattern comprises forming the hard mask pattern comprising the second pitch.
 23. The method of claim 14, wherein removing a target material exposed through the hard mask pattern to form a target material pattern comprises forming the target material pattern comprising the first width. 